Ātman is a Sanskrit word that means inner self or soul.  In Hindu philosophy, especially in the Vedanta school of Hinduism, Ātman is the first principle, the true self of an individual beyond identification with phenomena, the essence of an individual. In order to attain liberation, a human being must acquire self-knowledge (atma jnana) which is to realize that one’s true self (Ātman) is identical with the transcendent self Brahman.

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